During the late antique period, when Priene had already lost its former significance as a Hellenistic city, a Byzantine Basilica appeared on its territory—a testament to the Christianization of the region. It was built in the 5th–6th centuries CE, when the city gradually transformed into a small settlement of the Byzantine Empire.
The basilica was constructed next to the stage of the ancient theater, a symbolic location where pagan performances gave way to Christian worship. This was a common practice in Byzantium—building churches on or near ancient public structures, emphasizing the transition between eras.
Architecture of the Byzantine Basilica in Priene
Though relatively small (approximately 20 × 12 meters), the basilica followed the classic early Christian design:
• Three-aisled layout – A central nave flanked by two side aisles, separated by colonnades.
• Apse – A semicircular projection in the eastern part, housing the altar.
• Atrium or narthex – Likely featuring an open entrance space for catechumens.
• Columns and capitals – Built using spolia (reused materials from ancient structures), including elements taken from the theater and other buildings in Priene.
Decline of the City and the Fate of the Byzantine Basilica
By the 7th century CE, Priene was completely abandoned due to:
• Economic decline,
• Raids by Arabs and Persians,
• Shifting trade routes and the silting of the Maeander River, which deprived the city of water.
The basilica, like the rest of the city, was deserted. However, unlike many other structures, its stone walls and foundations survived thanks to sturdy construction.
What Can Be Seen Today?
Today, among the ruins of Priene, the basilica remains one of the best-preserved late antique structures:
• The outlines of the nave and apse are clearly visible.
• Fragments of columns and capitals remain (some bearing early Christian symbols).
• Traces of mosaic flooring can still be seen (though most have been lost).
• Some stones feature medieval graffiti and carved crosses, added in later centuries.
This building serves as an important archaeological testament to the transition from antiquity to the Middle Ages. Its proximity to the theater is particularly symbolic—two structures representing different eras now lie side by side in ruins, illustrating how time transformed culture and beliefs.
Tourists exploring Priene can examine the basilica alongside the theater—a rare opportunity to see both ancient and early Christian monuments in one location. The preserved walls allow visitors to imagine how this modest Christian church "inherited" the space of the ancient city.
