Casa Garden, located in the historic center of Macao, is not just an atmospheric mansion but one of the city`s most historically significant sites. This complex, centered around an old building from the late 18th century, witnessed epoch-making events related to the British presence in Asia. Today, it combines an art museum, the first Protestant cemetery in China, and a picturesque park, offering a unique immersion into colonial history.
History of Casa Garden: From a British Factory to a Cultural Center
British East India Company: The mansion was built around 1770 as a private residence for a Portuguese merchant, but by the 1790s, it was leased by the powerful British East India Company. The building served as the summer residence for the Company`s leadership and effectively became its unofficial headquarters in Macao during the period when the British were prohibited from settling in Canton (Guangzhou) outside the trading season. Key commercial and political decisions were made here.
Military History: In 1808, during the British occupation of Macao, Casa Garden was turned into the headquarters of the expeditionary force commander.
Portuguese Period and Charity: Later, the building passed into the hands of the Portuguese state. In 1885, it was purchased by the Macaense Charitable Society (now Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Macau), which owns it to this day. It was under their auspices, in the early 20th century, that a school and cultural center were opened here.
Protestant Cemetery: On the adjacent grounds in 1821, the Old Protestant Cemetery—the first in Chinese history—was established. This is the resting place of many prominent figures, including the artist George Chinnery and the first Protestant missionary in China, Robert Morrison.
Architecture, Museum, and Park
Architecture: The building is a fine, though relatively modest, example of Portuguese colonial architecture with characteristic shutters, high ceilings, and verandas. It reflects the style of a country residence.
Luís de Camões Museum: Since 1960, the mansion has housed the Luís de Camões Art Museum. Its collection includes artworks related to Macao, such as pieces by George Chinnery, Chinese ceramics, and exhibits that tell the story of cultural exchange between East and West.
Camões Garden: The mansion is surrounded by the shady Camões Garden, named after the Portuguese poet. A monument to him stands in the rotunda at the park`s center. This is a popular relaxation spot for locals.
Practical Information for Visitors
• What to see: The mansion-museum itself, the adjacent historic Protestant Cemetery, and the park with the Camões monument.
• Admission: Free.
• How to get there: On foot from the Ruins of St. Paul`s (about 10-15 minutes). Santo António district.
Casa Garden is an interesting complex that cannot be viewed merely as a "Portuguese mansion." Its true value lies in its role as an important node in British trade and diplomatic history in China, making it a significant monument to world history.
