The Garden of Couple’s Retreat (Ou Yuan) is one of the classical Chinese gardens in Suzhou, combining refined architecture, harmonious landscapes, and philosophical symbolism. It was created as a secluded retreat for lovers, reflected in its name and layout. Here, one can discover the story of two people who found their own corner of marital happiness.
The garden was built in 1874 (during the Qing Dynasty) by Shěn Bǐngchéng, a high-ranking official and art collector. Initially, it was called the "Garden of the Retired Official," but it was later renamed.
In the 1880s, the garden was purchased by Lù Shǔ, a wealthy merchant who gifted it to his wife as a token of love and devotion. It was then that the garden received its romantic name—"The Garden of Couple’s Retreat" (耦园), where the character "耦" (Ǒu) means "couple" or "harmonious union."
Architecture and Exterior
The garden is located in the eastern part of Suzhou, on the banks of the Grand Canal. Its outer walls, made of gray brick, resemble fortress walls, giving it the appearance of a fortified estate. However, inside lies an exquisite world of tranquility and beauty.
Interior Layout
The garden is divided into three main sections: eastern, central, and western, each featuring its own structures and landscape compositions.
1. Eastern Section
• Main Hall (Chéng Qū Cǎo Táng) — A spacious pavilion where the hosts received guests. Its name translates to "Hall Among Winding Walls," referencing the garden’s fortress-like style.
• Double Pavilion (Shuāng Zhào Lóu) — A two-story building symbolizing the unity of a couple. The upper floor offers a view of the entire garden and the canal.
• "Harmony" Pavilion (Ǒu Yuán Tíng) — A small, elegant structure by the water where the couple could relax in seclusion.
2. Central Section (Water Zone)
• Artificial lake with curved bridges and stone banks.
• "Reflections on Water" Pavilion (Shān Shuǐ Jiān) — Stands directly over the lake, creating a mirror-like reflection effect.
• Stone Boat (Shí Fǎng) — A traditional element in Chinese gardens, symbolizing stability and a long journey together.
3. Western Section (Residential Area)
• Living Quarters (Zhī Lián Lǎo Wū) — Cozy rooms where the owners lived, decorated with carved wooden panels and calligraphy.
• Study (Shū Zhāi) — A place where the garden’s owner engaged in literature and calligraphy.
• Bamboo Courtyard — A quiet corner with bamboo groves, creating a serene atmosphere.
Philosophical Meaning
The garden was designed in accordance with feng shui and Confucian harmony. Its layout embodies the idea of unity between masculine (yang) and feminine (yin) principles:
• Strong walls and pavilions symbolize masculine strength.
• Elegant pavilions, winding paths, and water elements reflect feminine grace.
Current Status
Today, the garden is part of the UNESCO World Heritage List as one of the Classical Gardens of Suzhou. It is open to visitors and remains a popular destination for newlyweds who come here to seek blessings for a strong marriage.
