Guangzhou is one of the oldest cities in China, the largest metropolis in the south of the country, and a vital trade, cultural, and transportation hub. With a rich history spanning millennia and futuristic skyscrapers, this city harmoniously blends ancient traditions with modern technology.
Guangzhou was founded over 2,200 years ago, in 214 BC, during the Qin Dynasty. Originally called Panyu, the city became an important administrative and commercial center in southern China.
Thanks to its strategic location in the Pearl River (Zhujiang) Delta, Guangzhou quickly grew into a key port on the Maritime Silk Road. As early as the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD), ships from Arabia, India, and Southeast Asia arrived here.
The Canton Era (18th–19th Century). During the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912), Guangzhou, known to Europeans as Canton, became the only Chinese port open to foreign trade. This period is called the "Canton Era."
- Thirteen Factories – A designated quarter for foreign merchants (British, French, Dutch, and American), where tea, silk, and porcelain were traded.
- Opium Wars – Guangzhou became the epicenter of the conflict between China and Britain, leading to the opening of other ports and the city losing its trade monopoly.
- Cultural Exchange – Western technology and ideas entered China through Guangzhou, while Chinese goods spread worldwide.
In 1911, the Wuchang Uprising began here, leading to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the Republic of China.
Historical Landmarks of Guangzhou
1. Guangxiao Temple (Temple of Bright Filial Piety). Built: 4th century AD (Eastern Jin Dynasty). One of China’s oldest Buddhist temples, featuring the East and West Pagodas and a reclining Buddha statue.
2. Chen Clan Ancestral Hall (Chen Jia Ci). Built: 1894. A masterpiece of Cantonese architecture with intricate carvings, ceramics, and sculptures. Now a folk art museum.
3. Huaisheng Mosque (Minaret Pagoda). Built: 627 AD. One of China’s oldest mosques, built by Arab traders. Its 36-meter minaret once served as a lighthouse for ships.
4. Baiyun Mountain (White Cloud Mountain). Long regarded as a sacred site. Home to Zhenhai Pagoda and Yuntai Garden.
5. Shamian Island – Colonial Heritage. Period: 19th century. A former European concession with colonial-style buildings. Now a popular walking area.
Modern Guangzhou: Skyscrapers & Financial District
Zhujiang New Town is a modern business district with skyscrapers, futuristic bridges, and high-tech spaces.
1. Canton Tower. Height: 600 m (China’s tallest until 2021). A revolving restaurant, glass observation deck, and the "Bubble Tram" thrill ride.
2. Guangzhou International Finance Center (IFC). Height: 440 m. A city icon designed by Wilkinson Eyre.
3. CTF Finance Centre (Chow Tai Fook Centre). Height: 530 m. China’s third-tallest skyscraper, housing a hotel, offices, and a mall.
Pearl River & Night Illuminations. Every evening, the skyscrapers light up in a dazzling display. The best views are from Pearl River cruises, departing from Tianzi and Dashatou piers between 7:30 PM and 10:00 PM. Don’t miss the musical fountain show on Haixinsha Island.
Guangzhou is a city of contrasts, where ancient temples stand beside skyscrapers, and traditional teahouses coexist with ultra-modern business centers. Try Cantonese dim sum. Visit Shangxiajiu Night Market. Ride the metro (one of the world’s most advanced systems).
