Located in the northern part of West Lake in Hangzhou, Gushan Island (Solitary Hill) is the largest natural island and one of the most culturally rich destinations in the region. Despite its name "Solitary Hill," the island is far from deserted—it is a vibrant hub of history, nature, and classical Chinese aesthetics.
Geographical Features and Size
Gushan Island covers an area of approximately 20 hectares and rises 35 meters above the lake’s surface. It is connected to the northern shore by the Bai Causeway, a historic embankment lined with willow and peach trees, and to the western shore by the Xiling Bridge. The island’s terrain is characterized by lush forests, rolling hills, and serene waterways, creating a perfect harmony between land and water.
Zhongshan Park: The Green Heart of the Island
The core of Gushan Island is Zhongshan Park, named in honor of Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan). This Park embodies the elegance of classical Chinese garden design, with meticulously curated landscapes, pavilions, and winding paths. Key attractions within the park include:
• Wenlan Pavilion: A historic library built during the Qing Dynasty to house the imperial collection of the Siku Quanshu (Complete Library of the Four Treasuries). Its architecture reflects traditional southern Chinese style, with elegant roofs and tranquil courtyards.
• Autumn Moon over the Calm Lake Pavilion: A pavilion offering one of the "Ten Views of West Lake," particularly renowned for moonlit nights when the lake’s surface shimmers like silver.
• Xiling Seal Art Society: A prestigious academic institution dedicated to seal carving, calligraphy, and traditional Chinese art. Its gardens feature stone inscriptions, antique pavilions, and panoramic views of the lake.
A paved trail leads to the hill’s summit, where visitors can enjoy breathtaking vistas of West Lake, the city skyline, and distant mountains. The path is shaded by ancient trees, including camphor, pine, and plum trees, which bloom fragrantly in winter.
Imperial Visits and Historical Legacy
Gushan Island has long been a favorite retreat for emperors, scholars, and poets. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1711–1799) frequently visited the island during his southern tours, composing poems and inscriptions in praise of its beauty. He even commissioned the construction of temporary palaces and gardens here. The island’s name, "Solitary Hill," is said to originate from the Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi, who described it as "jade floating in the water, solitary and sublime."
Legends and Cultural Significance
Several legends are intertwined with Gushan Island:
• The Hermit Lin Hejing: The Northern Song Dynasty poet Lin Bu (967–1028) lived in seclusion on the island, planting plum trees and keeping cranes as companions. His poem "Plum Blossoms and Cranes" immortalized the island’s tranquility.
• The Tomb of Yue Fei: Near the Xiling Bridge lies the tomb of Yue Fei, a national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty. The legend of his loyalty and unjust execution adds a layer of solemnity to the island’s history.
• The Legend of the White Snake: One of China’s most beloved folktales, the story of Bai Suzhen and Xu Xian, is partly set around West Lake, with Gushan Island symbolizing eternal love and sacrifice.
Lotus Blooms and Lakeside Beauty
During summer, the waters surrounding Gushan Island transform into a sea of lotus flowers. The Lotus Pond on the western shore bursts with pink and white blooms, their fragrance permeating the air. This natural spectacle has inspired countless poets and painters throughout history. The best time to witness this phenomenon is from June to August, when the flowers are in full bloom.
