While most museums in Macau tell the story of its long colonial history, the Handover Gifts Museum of Macau is unique—it is entirely dedicated to one day that changed the city`s destiny: December 20, 1999. On this day, sovereignty over Macau was transferred from Portugal to the People`s Republic of China.
The museum, located in the Macau Cultural Centre, next to the Macau Museum of Art, features an impressive collection of gifts presented by the governments of various provinces, autonomous regions, and cities. This is not just an exhibition of objects, but a tangible embodiment of the national celebration of reunification.
A Brief Historical Background of Macau
To understand the significance of the gifts, one must know the history they conclude.
Beginnings (16th century): Portuguese navigators first arrived off the coast of Macau in the 1550s. In 1557, the Ming Dynasty allowed them to establish a trading settlement in return for help in fighting pirates. This marked the beginning of the period of Portuguese administrative presence, which lasted 442 years.
Colonial Status: Macau was administered by Portugal as an overseas territory. Although China never relinquished its sovereign rights over the territory, actual administration remained in Portuguese hands for a long time.
The Joint Declaration (1987): Following successful negotiations between China and Portugal, the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau was signed. This treaty set the date for the end of Portuguese administration.
The Handover of Sovereignty (1999): At midnight on December 20, 1999, a grand handover ceremony took place. Macau became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People`s Republic of China under the principle of "One Country, Two Systems", guaranteeing the preservation of its unique way of life and socio-economic system for 50 years.
The Gift Museum: A Journey Through China in One Hall
The museum`s collection is a fascinating "tour" of all corners of China. Each gift is crafted in the unique local style of its region and symbolizes wishes for prosperity, good fortune, and unity for the new Macau SAR.
Here are some notable examples:
• From the City of Beijing: This is often an exquisite work of art made of cloisonné—a traditional Beijing craft. Examples include a large vase or decorative panel depicting flowers and birds, symbolizing peace and prosperity.
• From Guangdong Province (neighbouring Macau): Gifts here often include items related to ivory or jade carving, or a large piece of Cantonese embroidery depicting famous landscapes of the province, highlighting historical and cultural ties.
• From the Tibet Autonomous Region: A vivid and recognizable gift—a thangka (a scroll with Buddhist painting) or a ritual vessel, made in the distinctive Tibetan style, symbolizing spiritual blessings.
• From Shanghai: This might be a delicate work of jade or a contemporary sculpture reflecting the dynamic and modern spirit of this metropolis.
• From Jiangxi Province: Famous Jingdezhen porcelain—blue-and-white vases or sculptures representing the highest skill of Chinese ceramists.
• From the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: Skillful woollen carpets or items of carved stone reflecting the culture of the peoples of this region.
• From the PLA (People`s Liberation Army of China): This is often a large-scale thematic sculpture or relief dedicated to the defence of the homeland and peace.
Why It`s Worth Seeing
• Unique Theme: There is no other museum in the world entirely dedicated to a territory handover ceremony.
• A Slice of Chinese Culture: In just one hour, you will see the finest examples of arts and crafts from across the country.
• Symbolism: Each exhibit is a story, a wish, and a message; deciphering them immerses you in Chinese culture and mindset.
• Modern History: It is a key to understanding Macau`s contemporary political identity and its special relationship with mainland China.
Practical Information
• Admission: Usually free.
• What to look for: Read the description plaques—they explain the symbolism of each item (peony tree, crane, carp, etc.). Look for the coat of arms or emblem of the donating province.
This museum vividly, colourfully, and tangibly illustrates the moment when Macau officially returned home. It will be of interest to lovers of history, politics, decorative and applied arts, and anyone who wants to understand how Macau sees itself today as part of China.
