Independence Square (known as Lenin Square until 1991) is one of the largest and most significant squares not only in Minsk but in all of Belarus. Located in the city center, it is a symbol of Belarusian statehood, culture, and history. The square impresses with its scale and architecture, which combines the spirit of the Soviet past with modern trends.
Independence Square was designed in the 1930s as part of a large-scale reconstruction of Minsk. Its architectural ensemble was created in the style of Soviet constructivism and later supplemented with elements of Stalinist Empire style. During WWII, the square suffered significant damage, but in the post-war years, it was restored and acquired its modern appearance. Today, it is not only an administrative and cultural center but also a popular spot for walks and city events.
Architectural Landmarks of the Square:
1. Government House. One of the most monumental buildings on the square is the Government House of the Republic of Belarus. Built in the 1930s, it is a striking example of Soviet constructivism. The building impresses with its strict forms, symmetry, and scale. In front of the Government House stands a monument to Vladimir Lenin, which has become one of the symbols of the square. This is the largest sculptural depiction of Lenin in Belarus, and it remains a subject of debate and discussion to this day.
2. Main Building of the Belarusian State University (BSU). Next to the Government House is the main building of BSU, the oldest and most prestigious university in Belarus. Constructed in the 1920s, the building combines elements of constructivism and classicism.
3. Church of Saints Simon and Helena (Red Church). One of the most striking architectural landmarks of the square is the Red Church, built in 1910. This neo-Gothic brick church was erected with funds from the Voinilovich family in memory of their children who died young. The church stands out with its bright color and strict forms, and its interior is adorned with stained glass and sculptures. Today, it is not only an active church but also a popular tourist attraction, where organ music concerts are often held.
4. Hotel "Minsk". The building of the "Minsk" Hotel, constructed in the 1950s, is an example of Stalinist Empire style with its monumentality and elegant decor. For a long time, the hotel was one of the most prestigious in the city, and its restaurant and café were popular among Minsk residents and visitors.
5. Main Post Office. The Main Post Office building, built in the 1950s, is also designed in the Stalinist Empire style. It is decorated with columns, bas-reliefs, and sculptures that emphasize its solemnity. The Main Post Office still serves its original functions, and inside, you can find souvenir shops and postal services.
6. Stolitsa Shopping Center. Beneath Independence Square lies the large underground Stolitsa Shopping Center. This modern complex houses shops, cafes, restaurants, and even an aquarium with exotic fish. The shopping center has become a popular destination for shopping and leisure, and its glass domes, integrated into the square, add a modern touch to the historical appearance of the area.
In addition to the Lenin monument, Independence Square features other interesting sculptures. For example, at the entrance to the Red Church, there is a statue of Archangel Michael, the patron saint of Minsk. Also on the square is the "Zero Kilometer" monument, from which distances to other cities in Belarus are measured.
