The Museum of Belarusian Printing in Polotsk is dedicated to the history of books, writing, and printing in Belarus. Located in the building of the former Brotherhood School of the Polotsk Epiphany Monastery, the museum is one of the most fascinating and educational museums not only in Polotsk but in all of Belarus.
The Museum of Belarusian Printing was opened in 1990, the year marking the 500th anniversary of the birth of Francysk Skaryna, an outstanding Belarusian pioneer of printing, philosopher, and educator. The choice of Polotsk for such a museum is no coincidence: this city is the birthplace of Skaryna and one of the oldest cultural and educational centers in Eastern Europe.
The museum building, which houses the exhibits, is an architectural monument of the 18th century. It was built in the Baroque style and is part of the Epiphany Monastery complex. In the past, it housed the Brotherhood School, where future clergymen were educated.
The museum`s exhibitions cover the period from ancient manuscripts to modern publications, showcasing how book creation technologies have evolved over time:
1. Manuscript Books: The museum displays copies of ancient handwritten books created in Belarus. Among them are Gospels, Psalters, and other religious texts that were copied by monks by hand. These books are adorned with ornaments, miniatures, and initials, making them true works of art.
2. Francysk Skaryna and the Beginning of Printing: The central part of the exhibition is dedicated to Francysk Skaryna. Here, visitors can see copies of his books published in Prague and Vilnius, as well as learn about his contribution to the development of Belarusian culture. Skaryna was not only the first to print books in the Old Belarusian language but also made them accessible to a wide audience.
3. Early Printed Books: The museum features unique examples of books printed in the 16th–18th centuries. Among them are publications from printing houses in Vilnius, Nesvizh, Supraśl, and other cities. These books are distinguished by their high-quality printing and rich design.
4. Printing in the 19th–20th Centuries: The exhibition tells the story of how book publishing developed during the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Here, visitors can see antique printing presses, type cases, and samples of books published during this period.
5. Modern Books: The museum also pays attention to contemporary publications, showing how printing and book design technologies have changed. It features books by Belarusian authors, as well as publications dedicated to the history and culture of Belarus.
6. Interactive Zones: The museum has created interactive zones where visitors can try their hand at being a book scribe or printer. This is especially interesting for children, who can learn how books were made in the past.
The museum building, constructed in the Baroque style, is an important part of Polotsk`s architectural ensemble. Its façade is decorated with ornamental elements, and inside, visitors can admire ancient vaults and stucco work. The museum`s interiors are designed in the spirit of the era, creating a unique atmosphere that helps visitors immerse themselves in history.
