The Upper Town, or as locals call it, the "High Market," is the historical and cultural center of Minsk. This district, located on a hill, is one of the most picturesque and atmospheric parts of the city. Here, eras, architectural styles, and stories intertwine, making the Upper Town a must-visit destination for any tourist.
The Upper Town began to take shape in the 12th century as the trade and administrative center of Minsk. In the 16th–17th centuries, it became the focal point of religious and cultural life. Wealthy townspeople settled here, and churches, monasteries, and the town hall were built. Today, the Upper Town is an open-air museum.
Architectural Gems of the Upper Town:
1. Cathedral of the Descent of the Holy Spirit (Holy Spirit Cathedral). This Orthodox church, built in the 17th century, is one of the main landmarks of Minsk. Originally, it was part of a Bernardine nuns` monastery but later was transferred to the Orthodox Church. The cathedral`s architecture combines elements of Baroque and Classicism. Inside, it houses one of the most revered relics of Belarus—the Minsk Icon of the Mother of God, painted in the 16th century.
2. Church of St. Joseph (former Bernardine Monastery). The Church of St. Joseph, built in the 17th century, is part of the former Bernardine Monastery, which was one of the most significant Catholic complexes in Minsk. The monastery was founded in 1624 and included the church and residential buildings. The church is designed in the Baroque style. Today, the monastery buildings house various institutions, but the church remains active and open to visitors.
3. Church of the Holy Virgin Mary. This majestic temple, built in 1710 as part of a Jesuit monastery, is one of the most beautiful examples of Baroque architecture in Belarus. After the dissolution of the Jesuit Order, the church became a Catholic cathedral. Its interior is adorned with frescoes, sculptures, and a lavish altar. The church is also known for its organ, which is used during concerts of sacred music.
4. Church of the Holy Spirit (former Church of the Holy Trinity). This church, built in the early 17th century, was originally a church of the Bernardine Monastery. In the 19th century, it was transferred to the Orthodox Church and rebuilt in the Classical style. Today, it is an active Orthodox church that attracts tourists with its modest yet elegant architecture.
Former Bernardine Monastery
The Bernardine Monastery, founded in the 17th century, was one of the largest religious complexes in Minsk. The Bernardine monks played an important role in the spiritual and educational life of the city. The monastery included the Church of St. Joseph, residential buildings, and utility structures. After the monastery was abolished in the 19th century, its buildings were repurposed for various uses, including as a prison and barracks. Today, part of the complex has been restored and is used as a cultural space hosting exhibitions and events. A significant part of the former monastery buildings now houses the "Monastyrskaya" hotel.
Strolling Through the Upper Town
The Upper Town is not only about churches and monasteries but also about cozy cobblestone streets, small cafes, and souvenir shops. Be sure to visit one of the local cafes to try traditional Belarusian dishes like draniki (potato pancakes) or kolduny (stuffed dumplings). You can take a walk around Freedom Square, where trade once flourished, or visit the Minsk Town Hall, restored in 2004. The Town Hall, with its snow-white facade and tall tower, is a symbol of urban self-governance.
