Wat Arun Temple, also known as the "Temple of Dawn," is one of the most iconic Buddhist temples in Thailand, located on the western bank of the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok. Its majestic central prang (tower), adorned with ceramics and porcelain, glows at dawn, creating a breathtaking sight. The temple is an important religious and cultural symbol of Thailand.
History of Wat Arun Temple
Originally, the site of Wat Arun was home to a small temple called Wat Makok, built during the Ayutthaya period (14th–18th centuries). After the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767, King Taksin moved the capital to Thonburi (now part of western Bangkok) and chose this temple as a royal shrine.
When the capital was relocated to the eastern bank of the river (modern-day Bangkok), the temple lost its royal status but remained an important religious center. King Rama I (1782–1809) renamed it Wat Arun Ratchawararam in honor of the Hindu god Aruna (the god of dawn).
The major reconstruction of the temple began under King Rama II (1809–1824), who significantly expanded the central prang and decorated it with ceramic mosaics. Construction was completed under King Rama III (1824–1851).
Architecture of Wat Arun Temple
1. Central Prang (Phra Prang). The main structure of the temple is a 79-meter-tall prang in the Khmer style, symbolizing Mount Meru (the center of the universe in Buddhist and Hindu cosmology). It is decorated with:
• Ceramic mosaics made from Chinese porcelain (originally used as ballast on trading ships).
• Figures of mythical creatures: Kinnari (half-bird, half-human beings), Yaksha (demons), and deities.
• Four smaller prangs at the corners, dedicated to the gods of wind (Phra Phai).
• The upper tiers feature niches with images of Buddha and Hindu deities, including Shiva and Vishnu, reflecting the syncretism of Thai religion.
2. Vihara (Ubosot – Ordination Hall). The main hall for monastic ceremonies contains:
• A Buddha statue in the early Rattanakosin style.
• Murals depicting the life of Buddha.
• Carved doors and windows in traditional Thai style.
3. Mondop (Scripture Hall). This building houses sacred Buddhist texts. Its architecture includes:
• A square shape with a pyramidal roof.
• Elegant stucco with floral motifs.
4. Stupas, Chedis and Statues of Mythical Creatures
• The temple grounds feature auxiliary stupas that hold relics and ashes of noble individuals.
• At the entrance and around the prang stand Yaksha (guardian demons), Kinnari (celestial dancers) and Elephant figures (symbols of royal power).
The temple is named after Aruna, the Hindu deity of dawn, symbolizing awakening and enlightenment. However, its primary dedication is to Theravada Buddhism, as evidenced by the numerous Buddha images.
Visiting Wat Arun
• Best time to visit: At sunrise or sunset when the sunlight reflects off the ceramics.
• Dress code: Covered shoulders and knees (as in any Thai temple).
• Climbing the prang: Steep stairs, but the view of the river and Bangkok is worth the effort.
Wat Arun is a unique symbol of Thai architecture, blending Buddhist and Hindu elements. Its history, majestic architecture, and spiritual significance make it a must-visit in Bangkok. The temple is not just a relic of the past but a living embodiment of Thai culture and faith, shining like the morning dawn over the Chao Phraya River.
