Russia travel guide

Russia, even after the dissolution of the USSR, remains the largest country in the world by land area. A flight from Moscow to Vladivostok, the Pacific port city, takes nine hours, while a train journey spans six days. Naturally, such a vast territory is home to countless natural and historical attractions, making Russia a treasure trove for travelers.

Moscow: The Heart of Russia

Most international travelers begin their journey in Moscow, the capital. The city is a fascinating blend of history, politics, and culture. The Kremlin, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is more than just a historic fortress—it’s a symbol of Russian power, both past and present. Within its walls, you’ll find cathedrals, palaces, and the official residence of the President.

Red Square, adjacent to the Kremlin, is another must-see. This iconic square is home to St. Basil’s Cathedral, with its colorful onion domes, and Lenin’s Mausoleum. Nearby, the grand Cathedral of Christ the Savior, rebuilt in the 1990s, stands as a testament to Russia’s resilience. Moscow’s metro system is an attraction in itself, with stations resembling underground palaces adorned with mosaics, chandeliers, and marble.

St. Petersburg: The Imperial Jewel

St. Petersburg, often called Russia’s cultural capital, is a city that feels like an open-air museum. Founded by Peter the Great in 1703, it was designed to be the imperial capital, and its grandeur reflects that ambition. The historic center, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a masterpiece of baroque and neoclassical architecture.

The Hermitage Museum, housed in the Winter Palace, is one of the largest and most prestigious art museums in the world. Its collection spans from ancient artifacts to masterpieces by Rembrandt, Da Vinci, and Picasso.

Beyond the city, the imperial palaces of Peterhof, Tsarskoye Selo, and Pavlovsk are worth a visit. Peterhof, often called the "Russian Versailles," is famous for its stunning fountains and gardens.

The Golden Ring: A Journey Through Time

Just outside Moscow lies the Golden Ring, a collection of ancient towns that offer a glimpse into Russia’s medieval past. These towns, including Suzdal, Vladimir, and Sergiev Posad, are known for their picturesque churches with golden onion domes, wooden houses, and tranquil atmosphere. Suzdal, in particular, feels like a step back in time, with its kremlin, monasteries, and charming countryside.

Karelia: Nature and Spirituality

To the north of St. Petersburg, the region of Karelia is a paradise for nature lovers. Its landscapes are dotted with lakes, rivers, and dense pine forests growing on rocky terrain. The islands of Kizhi and Valaam are home to UNESCO-listed wooden churches and monasteries that showcase traditional Russian architecture.

For a truly unique experience, visit the Solovetsky Monastery on an island in the White Sea. This remote spiritual center, surrounded by stark natural beauty, has a history that spans centuries, from its role as a medieval fortress to its use as a Soviet prison camp.

The Black Sea Coast: Sun and Mountains

In the south of European Russia, the Black Sea coast offers a mix of beach resorts and mountain adventures. Sochi, the host city of the 2014 Winter Olympics, is a year-round destination. In summer, enjoy its subtropical beaches; in winter, hit the slopes at Red Glade, a ski resort in the nearby Caucasus Mountains.

Other popular resorts along the coast include Anapa, Gelendzhik, and Lazarevskoye. For hikers, the Caucasus Mountains provide stunning trails with breathtaking views.

The Caucasus: Mountains and Healing Waters

On the other side of the Caucasus Mountains lies the Mineralnye Vody (Mineral Waters) region, known for its therapeutic springs. This area is home to over 130 types of mineral water, making it one of the largest artesian basins in the world. The resorts of Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Yessentuki, and Zheleznovodsk are perfect for relaxation and wellness.

Adventure seekers can explore the nearby peaks of Mount Elbrus, Europe’s highest mountain, or the scenic valleys of Dombay and Arkhyz, a popular destinations for skiing and hiking.

Siberia: Wilderness and Adventure

Siberia, covering most of Russia’s Asian territory, is a land of extremes. Its vast taiga forests, rugged mountains, and pristine lakes offer endless opportunities for exploration.

Krasnoyarsk, a gateway to Siberia, is home to the Stolby Nature Reserve, famous for its dramatic rock formations and hiking trails. Further east, Lake Baikal, the world’s deepest and oldest freshwater lake, is a natural wonder. In winter, its frozen surface creates surreal landscapes, while summer is perfect for hiking, kayaking, and camping. The island of Olkhon and the Maloye More (Little Sea) are particularly scenic spots.

Altai and Sayan Mountains: Untamed Beauty

For trekking enthusiasts, the Altai and Sayan Mountains are a dream destination. These remote ranges, bordering Mongolia, are home to pristine landscapes, alpine meadows, and crystal-clear lakes. The Altai region is also rich in cultural heritage, with ancient petroglyphs and traditional nomadic communities.

Kamchatka: Land of Fire and Ice

Kamchatka, in Russia’s Far East, is a land of volcanoes and geysers. With around 300 volcanoes, 29 of which are active, it’s a paradise for adventure seekers. The Valley of Geysers and the Uzon Caldera in the Kronotsky Nature Reserve are must-see natural wonders.

The Trans-Siberian Railway: The Ultimate Journey

No trip to Russia is complete without mentioning the Trans-Siberian Railway. This legendary route spans over 9,000 kilometers, connecting Moscow with Vladivostok. The journey is as much about the experience as the destinations.

A shorter itinerary is the Moscow-to-Baikal route, which takes about two weeks with stops in Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, and Krasnoyarsk. Kazan, the capital of Tatarstan, is known for its stunning Kremlin and blend of Islamic and Orthodox Christian cultures.

Russia is a country of contrasts, where ancient traditions meet modern innovation, and vast wilderness coexists with bustling cities. Whether you’re exploring the imperial grandeur of St. Petersburg, hiking in the Altai Mountains, or relaxing by Lake Baikal, Russia promises an unforgettable adventure. Pack your bags and get ready to discover the largest country on Earth!