Castelvecchio (Old castle) in Verona can be called one of the most remarkable examples of medieval architecture in Italy. There is no Renaissance decoration on it, but the harsh medieval beauty of the red brick masonry is also very beautiful.
Castelvecchio was built in the period 1354-1376, when Verona was ruled by the dela Scala dynasty, which was also called the Scaligers. In addition to Verona, the Scaligers had a castle on lake Garda in Sermione.
Castelvecchi in Verona is built on the foundation of a Roman military fort. Fragments of the walls of the ancient Roman era have survived to the present day. At first, the castle was named San Martino, after the nearby Church.
The castle was built on the banks of the Adige river and for a long time was surrounded by moats filled with water. Simultaneously with the castle, the Scaliger Bridge was built in the same architectural style. In the Middle of the century, this was the only approach to the castle, which made it impregnable. There are 6 towers around the perimeter of the castle, including a donjon (high observation tower).
The bridge blocked the approach of enemy ships, and also allowed the family dela Scala, in case of danger, to escape to the Alps, where the possessions of the German Emperor were. In the 15th century, Verona passed into the possession of the Dukes of Milan. The defensive functions were transferred to the new castle of San Pietro, and the castle of San Martino was named Castelvecchio – that is, the Old castle.
After that, the castle was used as a warehouse, residence of the mayor, prison, military school, until finally in 1923, it became a Museum. During the reign of Napoleon, the castle of San Pietro and many other houses near the castle were blown up, but the Castelvecchio was preserved. Over time, it was completely restored. In its 30 halls of the Museum of The Castelvecchio castle, you can see exhibitions dedicated to the art of the middle ages.
